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Y Be it known that I, .mss-E A. KNIGHT, a

which the following is a` specification, refer.- V.ence,being had thereinto the accompanying nix,

STATES PATENT OFFICE,

A. KNIGHT, or PHENIX, RHODE ISLAND.

sEAMLEs's wovlaN.y B AG'.

f SPECIFICATION forming para 'of Letters Patent'No. 592,057, dated october 19, 1897. Application nea-May 26,1897. serrano. 638.221. cromado To all whom it may concern,.-

citizen of the United-States, residing at Phein the county of Kent and State of Rhode Island, have invented eertainnew and useful ,Improvements in Seamless Woven Bags, of

' drawings.

- bags hsubsecpu'en novel and l fiom-and The invention relates to that mode'of producing seamless woven bags in which acon- V tinuous bag-web is produced, the saidbagweb being formed in two superimposed plies, which form vthe sides of the bag, and the said plies being `iliteriwnyen along the required lines orbandsfor the purpose of uniting'the "two sides of' ,e`a hlgbag. Where necessary, the' being separated by tear` ing or cutting across the bag-Web along' the middle lines ofthe bands of int-erweaving tweenv adjacent bags.

'The invention consists in a oontin nous bagweb` and in a seamless woven bag, both of improved character and construcall aswill be described rst with reference tothe accompanying drawings, and

' afterward win 10e-particularly' pointed ,out Y'and distinctly'defined .in the claims at close of this specification.

' Figure l of the said drawings is a perspective of portion of a bag-web constructed in ac cordancew'ith my invention, and Fig. 2 shows a' single bag detached'. 1, Fig'l, represents nous bag-web.

a portionof a contin- 22 2 designate the respective bags, one bag being represented detached in Fig. 2. 3 3 are the two plies or cloths constituting the opposite sides ofthe said bags, these plies or cloths being joined along one edge of the web to close the bottoms of the bags, andvbeing left the-openings 'or mouths.

'4 4 are the interwoven or united at intervals to join them together for 'the' purpose of formingthe side edges of the respective bags.

It is found In practice that' inthe weaving of bag-webs as described above differences -will occurin the l lengths of the two plies which constitute the two sides of a given bag.

For various reasons 1t commonly occurs in ply or the other will be `plies at and adjacent to bands in which the two plies are slightly longer than the other, measured in the direction of the length of the bag-webthat is to say, in the direction of the length of the warpe-and hence it occurs that .when the two plies are interwoven :to for-m the uniting-band or'seam an opening is produced at the junction between the said uniting-band and the ply which has been formed shorter than the other ply, as stated above. In this opening there will be found only the warpthreads' of one ply. and there will be an absence of the'lling or weft, which makes a weak seam or joint. One portion of the invention hasfor its aim'to remedy this defect and obviate the existence of openings as aforesaid and to render the two plies vof a seamless wovenbag denser, firmer, and.. stronger at and adjacent to" their union inthe unitingband; in otherwords, to 'reinforce' the said they are interwoven with each other, and also aid in preventing the formation ofopenings.

Iwill'explain with reference to the said por# tion of my invention as follows: Let it be assumd that the weavin g of a bag-web has pro ceeded until the two separated plies which. constitute thesides of a given bag have been given approximately the full intended width thereof. New, just before beginning to join the two plies or cloths, I reduce either the feed' bf the warp-threads or the take-up o f the web, or both. For instance, I am able tos'ecure the desired effect by raising the driving-pawl pf the take-up motion. up motion and causes' the weft-threads to be laid closer together in both plies or cloths just before the joint or unitingband is woven.

the place at whichl This stops the take- The result of this last is to render thejcloths or plies heavier, as at 5 5, so the weft-threads from separating wherej the plies or cloths come togetherwhen the sides of the bag are subjected to a heavy strain tending to tear them apart at the joint or uniting-band. I now'cause the Ytwo plies or cloths to pass backwardly in the loom lsutil-- ciently to enable the vlast wefts of both to bring up against the reed. readily in practice by pressing the Vwhip-roll backwardly. The cloth. or ply that is the longer will bring up against the reed the earlier of the two,- but'the warps pertaining thereas .to prevent This is eected most l,

to will give or yield enough so as Ato permit the-` other to bring up fairly also. The'last wefts of both plies or .cloths will be-even at j foregoing the starting of the joint and ready to be interwoven and will produce a good joint. Then I weave the joint or uniting-band. llo such opening las has been mentioned earlier herein will be found in either ply or cloth when the procedure is followed. After completin g the j oint or u nitin g-band, I preferably Y -cause also the first few wefts of the two plies or cloths of the next bag to be taken up more closely than those across the width of the bag.

' It has been found in practice rby me that in 'practically impossible to j between the "two the process of weaving seamless bags, except perhaps those of exceedingly thin goods, it is band of suiicient width in plain weave. In the production of the two separate plies or cloths which constitute 'the opposite sides of the bag 'the use of so many warp-threads is necessitated that when these latter are to be interwoven to form the unitingband the crowding and niassing together of the same becomes too great to permit of the use of a plaim weave for to say, when it is attempted to produce a plain weave, with the warp threads equally divided planesof each shed, the crowding together of the warp-threads is so great as to resist materially the beating up of the weft, and, through the resistance offered to the working of the lay, obstructs the operation of the loom. It is possible to drive home properly a few picks of weft, but proves inadvisable to attempt to make the yunitingband of customary width in plain Weave. Sometimes the friction produced in the beating up of the weft operates to draw the warpthreads forward in the loom at too great rate of speed.

On account of the foregoing difficulties and disadvantages a twillweave sometimes is adopted in practice, and sometimes the warpthreads are unequally divided in shedding for the band. Thusin some cases three of the harness-frames are grouped together and move as one, while the fourth operates alone, three-fourths of the warp-threads lyingin one plane of each shed and one-fourth in the other plane. When these plans are adopted, however, the two plies of .the bagv are not sulii-v ciently secure and they are more or less liable t5 pull apart and withdrawthe ends of the warp from the uniting-band. In accordance with one .part of the invention I form the uniting-band or seam plain or of other close and firm weave in the first mid last portions` thereof, and with a weave of a differentA texture in the intermediate or middle portion thereof. Preferably I form the said band partly solid and partly .tubular-that is to say, I form the middle portion thereof tubular, as at 6, while the portions thereof in which the two plies of the united are solid, as at 7 7. These solid portions may be of any suitable close weave other than plain. Their width is not very great. In separating the bags I eut or tear along the middle line of the intermediate portion of is tubular, two

produce a uniting-v any length of time-that is.

next adjacentv bags are' each uniting-band. Vhen the said portion projecting flanges 8 8 are left along each side edge of lthe bag. It is preferred that the said intermediate portion of the band should be tubular, inasmuch as in consequence of having the projecting ends of the warp-threads interwoven to form the two separate plies which constitute the two lianges, as aforesaid, the individual warpthreads are `more securely interwoven with the weft-threads and the weft-threads produce a more eectual frictional hold upon the said ends of the warp-threads, the result being that wh en strain is exerted by a force tending to-spread the sides ofthe bagapart from cach other the withdrawal of the ends of the warp-threads from the uniting-band or seam is resisted efeetually, and therefore the side edges of the bags are made secure and strong.

-While I have illustrated a bag-web in which the bags are formed with their openings at one edge of the web-that is to say,aweb in which the bags extend transversely of the web, and in which the uniting-bands or seams also extend transversely-I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself entirely to the production of bags by weaving them transversely in the web. Certain features of the invention obviously -are applicable whether the bags are formed transversely or longitudinally of the web.

`I claim as my invent-ion-` 1. The improved woven seamless bag having bands of weft reinforcement at and' adjacent to the union of the sides thereof, substantially as described.' l'

2. The improved woven seamless bag having the sides thereof interwoven to form uniting-bands or joints at the edges, as at 7, 7, and having the pair of wings or flanges 8, 8, along the outer edge of-eaeh uniting-band or joint, to secure against withdrawal the ends of the threads which extend transversely across the bag, substantially as described.

3. The improved continuous bag-web consisting of two plies or cloths which are interwoven at intervalsto give shape to the respective bags, and having the intermediate tubular portions G, 6, at the places where the bags are separated fromone another, substntially as described.

woven at intervals to give shape to the respective bags, and having the bands in which posed of portions of plain or other firm Weave with an intermediate portion of a weave of a nov the said plies or cloths are interwoven comdifferent texture 'to relieve the crowding of the threads, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof .I aix-my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JESSE A. KNIGHT. Witnesses:

CHAS. F. RANDALL, LEPINE HALL RICE. 

